時間:2020-11-29來源:www.outletmksalestore.com作者:電腦系統城
django-simple-captcha是django的驗證碼包,非常簡單實用,這次記錄的是如何點擊驗證碼后刷新驗證碼,因為這個功能官方文檔并沒有詳細給出。
django-simple-captcha官方文檔:http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github網址:https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
開始
1.安裝 pip install django-simple-captcha, pip install Pillow
2.將captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.運行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
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urlpatterns = [ path( 'captcha/' , include( 'captcha.urls' )), # 圖片驗證碼 路由 path( 'refresh_captcha/' , views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新驗證碼,ajax path( 'test/' ,IndexView.as_view()), #get與post請求路徑 ] |
5.在views.py中加入以下代碼
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from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import View from captcha.models import CaptchaStore from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url from django.http import HttpResponse import json # 創建驗證碼 def captcha(): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 驗證碼答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 驗證碼地址 captcha = { 'hashkey' : hashkey, 'image_url' : image_url} return captcha #刷新驗證碼 def refresh_captcha(request): return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type = 'application/json' ) # 驗證驗證碼 def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey): if captchaStr and captchaHashkey: try : # 獲取根據hashkey獲取數據庫中的response值 get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey = captchaHashkey) if get_captcha.response = = captchaStr.lower(): # 如果驗證碼匹配 return True except : return False else : return False class IndexView(View): def get( self , request): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 驗證碼答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 驗證碼地址 print (hashkey,image_url) captcha = { 'hashkey' : hashkey, 'image_url' : image_url} return render(request, "login.html" , locals ()) def post( self , request): capt = request.POST.get( "captcha" , None ) # 用戶提交的驗證碼 key = request.POST.get( "hashkey" , None ) # 驗證碼答案 if jarge_captcha(capt, key): return HttpResponse( "驗證碼正確" ) else : return HttpResponse( "驗證碼錯誤" ) |
6.templates文件夾下login.html的內容
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{% load static %} < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > < script src = "https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js" ></ script > < script src = "https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js" ></ script > </ head > < body > < form action = "/test/" method = "post" > {% csrf_token %} < a href = "#" rel = "external nofollow" class = "captcha" > < img src = "{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt = "點擊切換" id = "id_captcha" > </ a > < br > < input type = "text" name = "captcha" placeholder = "驗證碼" > < br > < input value = "{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name = "hashkey" type = "hidden" id = "id_captcha_0" > < button type = "submit" class = "btn btn-primary btn-block " >提交</ button > </ form > < script > <!-- 動態刷新驗證碼js --> $(document).ready(function(){ $('.captcha').click(function () { $.getJSON("/refresh_captcha/", function (result) { $('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']); $('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey']) }); }); }); </ script > </ body > </ html > |
django-simple-captcha并沒有使用session對驗證碼進行存儲,而是使用了數據庫,當你在做數據庫遷移的時候會生成一個表 captcha_captchastore ,包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 驗證碼大寫或者數學計算比如 1+1
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要輸入的驗證碼 驗證碼小寫或數學計算的結果 比如 2
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期時間
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